Paper Details

Abstract: This paper explores the theoretical perspectives surrounding environmental activism and movements, shedding light on their significance in contemporary society. It emphasizes the urgent need for a universal awareness of the importance of preserving the environment. The paper delves into the role of politics in environmental studies, emphasizing that nature should be seen as an integral part of human existence, not just a resource. It suggests that environmental studies are interdisciplinary and touch on various social sciences, particularly politics and economics. To understand environmental movements, the paper draws on theories of social movements. It discusses the factors that prompt collective action, such as changes in life conditions, beliefs, collective capacity, and opportunities for successful action. New social movements are characterized by their informal organization, emphasis on changing values, and commitment to open and democratic participation. The paper also examines the diverse origins of environmental movements, ranging from post-materialist values to the experiences of a post-industrial world. It highlights the differences between new and old social movements, including their blurring of individual and collective identities. Furthermore, the paper discusses the organization and structure of environmental movements, emphasizing their diversity and amorphous nature. It notes that environmental movements often consist of a multitude of informal groups, formal organizations, networks, and individuals with varying goals. It also discusses the pluralistic view of NGOs as interest groups.

Keywords: Environmental Activism, Social Movements, Politics, Non-Governmental Organisations, Theoretical Perspectives.