Paper Details

This paper examines the pivotal role of Shams al-Din Iltutmish (r. 1211–1236 CE) in shaping the early Delhi Sultanate through a detailed analysis of his administrative reforms, military organization, territorial expansion, consolidation of central authority, and maintenance of political stability. Assuming power after the death of Qutb ud-Din Aibak, Iltutmish inherited a politically unstable state marked by factionalism among nobles, weak institutions, and persistent external threats. The study explores how he restructured the administrative system by redefining the iqta framework, enforcing bureaucratic discipline, strengthening fiscal management, and standardizing currency to enhance economic cohesion. It further analyzes his military policies, focusing on the creation of a centrally controlled army, strategic defense of frontiers, and the appointment of loyal commanders to suppress rebellions and counter foreign incursions. The paper also evaluates Iltutmish’s approach to territorial expansion, highlighting his cautious consolidation of regions such as Bengal, Bihar, Malwa, and Rajasthan to ensure sustainable governance. Additionally, it assesses his efforts to reinforce central authority by balancing noble power through institutional mechanisms like the Chahalgani and securing symbolic legitimacy from the Abbasid Caliph. By examining these interconnected dimensions, the paper argues that Iltutmish established enduring political stability and a model of governance that shaped the future trajectory of the Delhi Sultanate.

Political Stability, Administrative Reforms, Central Authority , Military Organization , Territorial Expansion