Paper Details

Sustainable development has emerged as a central concern for all human beings in the 21st century, shaping global policy and development discourse. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), introduced by the United Nations in 2015, provide a structured framework to promote sustainable livelihood of human being as an economic progress, environmental sustainability, and social justice. Alongside this, the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) framework has gained prominence as a practical tool for assessing corporate sustainability and their ethical performance. ESG indicators help stakeholders—including investors, policymakers, and civil society—understand how organisations address environmental challenges, fulfill social responsibilities, and maintain governance standards. In the Indian context, the convergence of ESG principles with SDG objectives has become increasingly significant due to rapid industrial growth and investment from all over world, Today India is fast growing economy so that we need to emphasis on rising environmental concerns, and persistent social inequalities. This paper examines how ESG frameworks contribute to achieving SDGs in India also how should we need to aline business activities. It explores the conceptual linkages between ESG components and SDG targets, reviews existing regulatory and institutional mechanisms, and evaluates the role of corporate practices in advancing sustainable development. Special attention is given to policy instruments such as Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR), CSR provisions under the Companies Act 2013, and national sustainability guidelines. The study finds that ESG serves as a vital mechanism for promoting responsible business behavior, how it is important that sustainable investments lead environmental protection, and inclusive growth. However, issues such as inconsistent reporting standards,negligence related to policies, limited awareness, and lack of uniform metrics continue to challenge effective implementation and alinement of ESG. Strengthening institutional frameworks, improving transparency, and encouraging multi-stakeholder collaboration are essential to fully harness of ESG’s potential in achieving sustainable development in India.

ESG, Sustainable Development Goals, Corporate Sustainability, India, CSR, Governance, Environmental Responsibility