Paper Details

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon significantly influences global climate patterns, particularly the monsoon systems of South and Southeast Asia. In this study, we investigate the impact of El Niño events on monsoon rainfall variability and drought frequency across South and Southeast Asia from 1980 to 2020. Using meteorological data, climate indices, and observational records, we identify consistent patterns of weakened monsoon rainfall during El Niño years. Additionally, we explore how anthropogenic climate change may be altering the strength and frequency of ENSO events and their teleconnections with the Asian monsoon. Our findings reveal a noticeable suppression of summer monsoon precipitation during strong El Niño events, with increasingly severe droughts observed in recent decades. The interaction between El Niño and a warming atmosphere appears to amplify rainfall deficits, posing heightened risks to agricultural productivity, water security, and livelihoods in the region. This paper highlights the urgent need for enhanced climate prediction systems and adaptive water resource management strategies.

El Niño ,climate patterns, South and Southeast Asia, climate change